Time Value of Money: Single Cash FlowsIntroductionTime value of money (TVM) is the foundation of mathematical finance. This assignment is designed to show you how the TVM concept can be applied to corporate finance, as well as to personal finances. You will also learn various technical terms used in finance, such as discount rate, present value, and future value.InstructionsAnswer the following questions and complete the following problems, as applicable. Unless otherwise directed, assume annual compounding periods in computational problems.You may solve the following problems algebraically, or you may use a financial calculator or Excel spreadsheet. If you choose to solve the problems algebraically, be sure to show your computations. If you use a financial calculator, show your input values. If you use an Excel spreadsheet, show your input values and formulas.Note: In addition to your solution to each computational problem, you must show the supporting work leading to your solution to receive credit for your answer.Question 1:Proficient-level: “List and describe the purpose of each part of a time line with an initial cash inflow and a future cash outflow. Which cash flows should be negative and which positive?” (Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger, 2016, p. 95).Distinguished-level: State the reason for showing both a negative and positive amount on the time line.Question 2:Proficient-level: “How are the present value and future value related?” (Cornett, Adair, & Nofsinger, 2016, p. 95).Distinguished-level: Explain why a dollar is worth more today than a dollar received a year from now.Question 3:Proficient-level: “How are present values affected by changes in interest rates?” (Cornett, Adair, & Nofsinger, 2016, p. 95).Distinguished-level: Explain how future values are affected by changes in interest rates.Question 4:Proficient-level: “How much would be in your savings account in 11 years after depositing $150 today, if the bank pays 7 percent per year?” (Cornett, Adair, & Nofsinger, 2016).Recalculate the savings account balance, using a 6 percent interest rate, and again, using an 8 percent interest rate.Distinguished-level: Describe the relationship between changes in interest rates and the ensuing changes in future values.Question 5:Proficient-level: “A deposit of $350 earns the following interest rates: (a) 8 percent in the first year, (b) 6 percent in the second year, and (c) 5.5 percent in the third year. What would be the third year future value?” (Cornett, Adair, & Nofsinger, 2016).Distinguished-level: Explain why the future value is not calculated as the average of the annual interest rates.Question 6:Proficient-level: “Compute the present value of a $850 payment made in 10 years when the discount rate is 12 percent” (Cornett, Adair, & Nofsinger, 2016, p. 96).Recalculate the present value, using an 11-percent discount rate, and again, using a 13-percent discount rate.Distinguished-level: Describe the relationship between changes in interest rates and the ensuing changes in present values.Question 7:Proficient-level: “What annual rate of return is earned on a $5,000 investment when it grows to $9,500 in five years?” (Cornett, Adair, & Nofsinger, 2016, p. 97).Recalculate the rate of return, assuming the growth occurred in four years, and again, assuming the growth occurred in six years.Distinguished-level: Describe the relationship between changes in the amount of time and the changes in annual rate of return.Submit your completed assignment as an attachment in the assignment area. You may use either a Word document or an Excel spreadsheet for your work, but not both. Prior to submitting your assignment, review the Time Value of Money: Single Cash Flows Scoring Guide to ensure you have met all of the requirements and as a self-assessment of your work.ReferenceCornett, M. M., Adair, T. A., & Nofsinger J. (2016). M: Finance (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Part 2:Time Value of Money: Annuity Cash FlowsIntroductionIn the previous assignment, you learned about the TVM concept as applied to single cash flow. However, in real life you come across financial applications that require multiple or annuity cash flows. In this assignment, you will apply the TVM concept to annuity cash flows; for example, how to amortize a mortgage or car loan.InstructionsAnswer the following questions and complete the following problems, as applicable. Unless otherwise directed, assume annual compounding periods in computational problems.You may solve the following problems algebraically, or you may use a financial calculator or Excel spreadsheet. If you choose to solve the problems algebraically, be sure to show your computations. If you use a financial calculator, show your input values. If you use an Excel spreadsheet, show your input values and formulas.Note: In addition to your solution to each computational problem, you must show the supporting work leading to your solution to receive credit for your answer.Question 1:Proficient-level: Would you rather have a savings account that paid interest compounded on a monthly basis, or one that compounded interest on an annual basis? Why?Distinguished-level: State why a borrower would prefer more, or less, frequent compounding periods.Question 2:Proficient-level: What is an amortization schedule, and what are some of its uses?Distinguished-level: Explain why more interest is incurred at the beginning of the amortization period than at the end of the amortization period.Question 3:Proficient-level: “The interest on your home mortgage is tax deductible. Why are the early years of the mortgage more helpful in reducing taxes than in the later years?” (Cornett, Adair, & Nofsinger, 2016, p. 123).Distinguished-level: Explain why the tax benefit of interest is even larger for longer-term loans?Question 4:Proficient-level: What is the difference between an ordinary annuity and an annuity due?Distinguished-level: Explain why the future value of an annuity due is greater than the future value of an ordinary annuity.Question 5:Proficient-level: “What is the future value of a $900 annuity payment over five years if interest rates are 9 percent?” (Cornett, Adair, & Nofsinger, 2016).Recalculate the future value at 8 percent interest, and again, at 10 percent interest.Distinguished-level: Describe the relationship between changes in interest rates and the ensuing changes in future values.Question 6:Proficient-level: “What is the present value of a $700 annuity payment over six years if interest rates are 10 percent?” (Cornett, Adair, & Nofsinger, 2016, p. 123).Recalculate the present value at 9 percent interest, and again, at 11 percent interest.Distinguished-level: Describe the relationship between changes in interest rates and the ensuing changes in present values.Submit your completed assignment as an attachment in the assignment area. You may use either a Word document or an Excel spreadsheet for your work, but not both. Prior to submitting your assignment, review the Time Value of Money: Annuity Cash Flows Scoring Guide to ensure you have met all of the requirements and as a self-assessment of your work.ReferenceCornett, M. M., Adair, T. A., & Nofsinger J. (2016). M: Finance (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.I HAVE ATTACHED A DOCUMENT ON HINTS AND STRATEGIES TO USE WHEN ANSWERING THESE QUESTIONS.
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