LECTURE 5Contract of employment – Implied Terms
Pitt (9th edn) pp 142-161
MEANS OF IMPLICATION
(i) The Officious bystander test
Shirlaw v Southern Foundries (1939) [1939] 2 KB 206 (CA)
MacKinnon, LJ (227): ‘Prima facie that which in any contract is left to be implied and need not be expressed is something so obvious that it goes without saying; so that, if, while the parties were making their bargain, an officious bystander were to suggest some express provision for it in their agreement, they would testily suppress him with a common “Oh, but of course!”’
(ii) The business efficacy test
The Moorcock (1889) 14 P.D. 64; [1886-90] All ER 530 (CA)
See discussion by Pitt (9th edn) 4.016.
EMPLOYER’S DUTIES
To Provide Work
Collier v Sunday Referee Publishing [1940] 2 KB 647 (B, 650 (Asquith, J):
‘Provided I pay my cook her wages regularly, she cannot complain if I choose to take any or all of my meals out. In some exceptional cases there is an obligation to provide work. For instance, where the servant is remunerated by commission, or where (as in the case of an actor or singer) the servant bargains, among other things, for publicity, and the master, by withholding work, also withholds the stipulated publicity:’
(i) Piecework/commission
Devonald v Rosser [1906] 2 KB 728 (CA); Turner v Goldsmith [1891] 1 KB 544 (CA) (ii) Reputation
Clayton & Waller v Oliver [1930] AC 209 (HL) (iii) To maintain skills
William Hill v Tucker [1999] ICR 291 (CA)
Privacy
Data protection Act 1998 (in force March 2000) provides that employers may only keep relevant records and must not generally disclose them. Covers computer and manual records.
Regulation and Investigatory Powers Act 2000
Halford v UK (1997) 24 ECRR 523
Campbell v Mirror Group Newspapers [2004] UKHL 22
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