STUDY QUESTIONS1. To characterize the burden of diabetes mellitus on a population, an investigator conducts a household survey of residents. The most appropriate measure in this context isA. risk. B. prevalence. C. incidence rate.D. survival.E. case-fatality.2. To assess prognosis after a diagnosis of diabetic coma, an investigator collects information on deaths within 30 days. The most appropriate measure in this context isA. cumulative incidence. B. prevalence. C. incidence rate.D. attributable risk.E. case-fatality.3. To assess the likelihood of women developing diabetes during pregnancy, an investigator follows 10,000 nondiabetic women from inception to completion of pregnancy and determines the percent- age of them who develop gestational diabetes. The most appropriate measure in this context isA. cumulative incidence. B. prevalence. C. incidence rate.D. attributable risk.E. case-fatality.4. To assess the rapidity with which diabetes mellitus develops among a cohort of morbidly obese young adults, an investigator follows each non- diabetic obese student for the development of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus from matriculation at a university through graduation. The most appropriate measure in this context isA. cumulative incidence. B. prevalence. C. incidence rate.D. attributable risk. E. case-fatality.5. Which of the following measures may be thought of as the inverse of case-fatality? A. Cumulative incidence B. PrevalenceC. Incidence rate D. SurvivalE. Attributable riskQuestions 6 to 10. To better understand the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus, an investigator screens the workforce of 1500 adult employees at a large retail business. Of the workers screened, 500 have diabetes mellitus. Among the remaining workers, check-ups are performed each year for 1 decade, and 100 new cases of diabetes are diagnosed. For the diabetic patients, follow-up is continued for 10 years after diagnosis, yielding 10 cases of diabetic retinopathy and 1 death.6. The prevalence (%) of diabetes in the workforce at the outset was A. 1. B. 10.C. 33. D. 100. E. 500.7. The incidence rate (cases/person-year) was A. 0.01. B. 0.1. C. 1.0.D. 10.0. E. 100.0.8. The 10-year cumulative incidence (%) of diabetes was A. 0.01. B. 0.1.C. 1.0. D. 10.0.E. 100.0.9. The 10-year case-fatality (%) was A. 0.01. B. 0.1. C. 1.0. D. 10.0. E. 100.0.10. The 10-year risk (%) of diabetic retinopathy was A. 0.01. B. 0.1. C. 1.0. D. 10.0. E. 100.0.
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