1. Hurricanes form over oceans but can move onto land areas. When this happens, the storm can cause major damage to wildlife. In 1999, Hurricane Floyd hit some beaches and washed away thousands of sea turtle nests. What is the most likely consequence of this event? a) damage to the beaches caused the extinction of some turtle species. b) The damage to the turtle populations resulted in more invasive species.c) The loss of baby turtles changed the reproductive cycle of the adult turtles. d) The loss of biodiversity caused changes to food webs in the turtle ecosystems. 2. What process in the hydrological cycle occurs when water vapor in the air changes to liquid water? a) Condensation b) Evaporation c) Precipitation d) Vaporization3. Organisms living in the deep bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones require oxygen for respiration. What process brings oxygen from the epipelagic zone to deeper oceanic zones?a) Downwelling from polar to equatorial regions b) Downwelling in polar regions c) Upwelling from equatorial to polar regionsd) Upwelling in polar regions4. Which of the following is an example of a closed system? a) An estuary where fresh and ocean water mix b)A chemical reaction within deep ocean organisms allowing them to glow c) A living single-celled organism such as a phytoplanktond) A river that flows into the ocean 5. Astrology is the belief that the positioning of the stars and planets affect the way events occur on earth. Why is astrology not considered science? a) Astrology does not make testable predictions. b) Astrology is a belief structure modified by observation. c) Astrology provides information only about events on earth. d) Astrology only asks testable questions about natural phenomena.5. Up until 1938, paleontologists accepted the idea that coelacanths (an ancient fish) went extinct at the time that they last appear in the fossil record, about 80 million years ago. But in 1938, a live coelacanth was discovered off the coast of South Africa. What characteristic of science does this discovery represent? a) Scientific ideas are not reliable. b) Scientific ideas are always open to revision. c) Scientists should not trust the work of other scientists. d) Scientists should not seek new evidence once a scientific idea is proven. 6. How does the speed of sound change as the sound of a boat engine moves down to the depths of the ocean?a) The speed gradually increases as the temperature of the water decreases. b) The speed increases and then decreases as the temperature of the water increases.c) The speed decreases and then increases as the pressure exerted by the water increases. d) The speed gradually decreases as the pressure exerted by the water decreases.7. After a volcanic eruption, lava flows on the surface of the Earth. After the lava has time to cool, scientists notice that plants are starting to grow on the lava surface. What kind of ecological process could you infer is happening and why? a) Succession; the lava provides a barren land that leaves room for pioneer plants to establish and start to create an ecosystem. b) Succession; the lava provides a barren land that leaves room for less hardy plants to establish and start to create an ecosystem. c) Climate change; climate change causes more volcanic eruptions, which allows for plant growth.d) Climate change; climate change causes less volcanic eruptions, which allows for plant growth.8. Is it accurate to say that once science has answered a question, it is settled forever? a) Yes, the scientific method works so well that once a discovery is made it never changes.b) Yes, once a scientific “truth” is discovered there is nothing more to study about the topic. c) No, if new evidence is acquired or new perspectives emerge, scientific ideas can be revised or replaced.d) No, everything is really science so if a more appealing alternative emerges scientists will generally eliminate old ideas. 9. What is a scientific experiment?a) A statement that tries to answer a scientific questionb) A rigorous procedure that produces scientific datac) A final decision that describes a scientific model d) A collection of data that generates a scientific observation
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